Greater Dublin Area (GDA)
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Sample Essay
Physical Factors and Agriculture in the GDA
The Greater Dublin Area (GDA) is a core region in Ireland which is made up of 4 counties: Dublin, Kildare, Wicklow & Meath. It has an interesting and varied landscape which can effect Primary Economic Activities in the area.
2 factors that affect Primary Ec Activities in the WOI are: (pick2)
Relief/ Soils/ Drainage
Conclusion:
We can see how ________________& __________________ effects Agriculture in the GDA.
2 factors that affect Primary Ec Activities in the WOI are: (pick2)
- Climate
- Relief
- Soils
- Drainage
- Cool temperate Oceanic Climate means that summers are warm and winters are mild.
- Av. Temperatures range from 6 degrees Celsius in Jan- 16 degrees Celsius in July. This may vary according to altitude. There is a longer growing season in the GDA than WOI as crops need 4 degrees before growth takes place.
- GDA produces high yields of tillage crops
- 11% national wheat crop grows here
- 2 types of Barley-malting barley (for breweries)
- 11% national wheat crop grows here
- There are lower levels of precipitation 800 mm per/yr. Prevailing South Westerly winds create a rain shadow effect in the GDA (much of the precipitation from Atlantic depressions is falls over Ireland before it reaches Dublin) This reduces the risk of Potato Blight which is very important as the:
- GDA grows 15% of the national potato crop
- GDA grows 15% of the national potato crop
- Coastal Location next to the Irish Sea also reduces frost in the Spring.
- Av. Daily sunshine is between 4 hours which again affects ability to grow crops. The growing season in the GDA is approx. 270 days.
Relief/ Soils/ Drainage
- The GDA is predominantly a lowland area. As such farming tends to be highly mechanised and intensive (larger fields allow for larger equipment eg combined harvesters).
- Soils are varied- the majority are deep fertile brown earth soils ideal for agriculture,
- Soils in the GDA are very fertile due to a high humus content from the leaf litter of ancient forest that once covered the region
- Sand and marine deposits mixed with brown earths to the north of the region are ideal for market gardening/ horticulture as they are light and well drained. eg Rush Co. Dublin
- The area is well drained and contains rich alluvial soils ideal for agriculture. The R. Liffey dominates Kildare and Dublin. Other rivers incl. the Boyne, Nanny, Dargle and Blackwater.
- Blanket Bogs are found in the upland area of the Wicklow Mts. Forestry tends to be concentrating in this upland region as it is unsuitable for agriculture.
Conclusion:
We can see how ________________& __________________ effects Agriculture in the GDA.
Sample Essay
Human and Economic factors that affect Primary Ec Activities in the GDA
The Greater Dublin Area (GDA) is a core region in Ireland which is made up of 4 counties: Dublin, Kildare, Wicklow & Meath. Although less dependent on Primary Economic Activities than other parts of the country, some primary economic activities in the GDA are highly profitable.
2 Primary Ec Activities common in the GDA are: (pick2)
1.Farming (Agriculture)
2.Fishing
3.Forestry
4.Mining
Human & Economic Factors that affect Agriculture:
Human & Economic factors that affect Fishing:
In conclusion, We can see how a variety of human & economic factors affects Primary Economic activities in the GDA.
2 Primary Ec Activities common in the GDA are: (pick2)
1.Farming (Agriculture)
2.Fishing
3.Forestry
4.Mining
Human & Economic Factors that affect Agriculture:
- The majority of the GDA is ideal for farming. It is a flat, well drained area with deep fertile soils and close to a large urban market (1.3million people).
- HIGHLY PRODUCTIVE- GDA has only 1% of nation’s farms yet incomes levels are 40% higher than national average.
- Farmers tend to be younger-educated/ scientific approach/ market orientated.
- Agriculture in the GDA is intensive. This means crops are grown quickly and efficiently for the large urban market of Dublin.
- Horticulture and Tillage farming are highly profitable types of farming as produce is transported and sold locally.
- North County Dublin is home to over half of the green houses in Ireland.
- Cabbages, onions & tomatoes are grown here.
- Cereals such as wheat, maize and barley are predominantly grown in Kildare and Meath, employing many migrant workers.
- Cattle farming takes place in Co. Meath- many farmers from the west send their cattle here to be fattened
- Kildare specialises in the bloodstock industry (horses). There are many studs and racecourses in the area (The Curragh) and Irish horses are exported all around the world for sport.
- Wicklow practises sheep rearing on the steep slopes of the mountains which are not suitable for other farming practices.
- The greatest challenge to agriculture in the GDA is the threat from urbanisation. Demand for land and crops conflict each other.
Human & Economic factors that affect Fishing:
- Howth is the GDA’s biggest port. (3rd biggest in Ireland)
- -worth €10.7million in 2014
- Dublin Bay prawns make up 40% of Irish shellfish exports.
- Fishing in GDA is declining-dangerous, unglamorous lifestyle.
- Overfishing causes a sharp decrease in fish stocks in the Irish sea-35% of fish caught in Ireland in 1960s came from Dublin-down to only 3% in 2004.
- Can’t compete with upgraded western ports.
- Pollution in the Irish Sea makes large scale aquaculture impossible
In conclusion, We can see how a variety of human & economic factors affects Primary Economic activities in the GDA.
Sample Essay
Secondary Economic Activities in the GDA
The Greater Dublin Area (GDA) is a core region in Ireland which is made up of 4 counties: Dublin, Kildare, Wicklow & Meath.
Secondary Economic Activities are the processing of raw or (semi-processed materials).There are several reasons why manufacturing industries is attracted to the GDA.
Human Factors:
Economic Factors
Secondary Economic Activities are the processing of raw or (semi-processed materials).There are several reasons why manufacturing industries is attracted to the GDA.
Human Factors:
- The workforce has a low age profile- 45% under 25yrs old
- Industrial output per worker is higher-71%of all foreign investment located in the GDA in 2012
- -4000 new jobs and 6.1% growth rate in 2012
- Wages/ Salaries are also higher (10% higher than national average)-this attracts producers of luxury goods
- Large local market-Dublin 1.3 million people
- -Also close to EU markets (especially for MNCs)
- Traditional industries included brewing eg. Guinness (Ireland’s oldest industry), printing eg. Irish Independent
- -tend to use local raw materials
- -locate within city limits-due to proximity to the port/ local labour force
- New industries known as “Modern Growth Industries” include internet technology, computer software and pharmaceuticals tend to be on the outskirts of the city eg. Google, Intel, Pfizer
- -More room for expansion eg Intel, Leixlip Co. Kildare
- - Recently invested €5 billion expanding the 360 acre site
- -They use the M50 for easy access to ports and airport.
- -Easily accessible for large workforce from the satellite towns in Dublin’s commuter belt
- -Footloose industries-not dependent on easy access to raw materials
- Dublin is EU largest centre for ICT- 5 out of top ten global software companies located here.
- This caused some concern during the recession (2008-2012). In 2009, 30,000 jobs were lost.
Economic Factors
- GDA has benefitted from Direct Government Involvement.
- -60%of all new ind. development during 1990s
- Most MNCs are attracted to Ireland due to its very low Corporate Tax Rate of 12.5% which is much lower that rest of the EU (for example 28% in GB)
- The Industrial Development Agency (IDA)also attracts industry by building fully serviced industrial estates, offering grants/ incentives.
- Modern infrastructure- state-of-the-art telecommunication links attract MNS.
- Highly educated workforce- 80% of Third Level colleges located in the GDA also attracts MNCs.
- -Emphasis on science and ICT at university level/ post-grad courses
Sample Essay
Tertiary Economic Activities in the GDA
(Click the arrow to the top right of the slide)
Quiz 1 GDA & WOI
1.What is a region?
2. Name a physical region you've studied.
3.What is a cultural region? Give an example. (2)
4.The Sambre Meuse Valley is a example of what type of region?
5. Name 2types of socioeconomic regions. (2)
6.What counties make up the GDA? (4)
7.What counties make up the WOI? (3)
8.What is the population density of Dublin?
9.What is the average population density of the WOI?
10. What is the average precipitation in both regions? (2)
11. Name one river and one mountain range in both regions. (4)
12. What is leaching? (3)
13. What is the parent rock in both regions? (2)
14. How does this effect soil? (2)
15. What type of bog is found in both regions? (2)
16. What depth are these bogs? (2)
17. What percentage of farms in the WOI are less than 10 acres?
18.Why is tillage and dairy farming limited in the WOI?
19.What percentage of the national barley crop is produced in the West?
20.Where are young cattle sent to for fattening?
21.What is the CAP?
22.What does REPS stand for?
23. How far does the continental shelf extend off the coast of Mayo and Galway?
24.What is the name given to the farming of oysters and mussels etc?
25.Which harbour processes large quantities of fish in the WOI?
26. What is the name of the gas field off the coast of Mayo? Give 2 facts about it. (3)
27.How many farms are there in the whole of Ireland vs. the GDA? (2)
28.Name a crop grown in the GDA and what % of the national it is. (2)
29.Name 2 factors that have led to the development of market gardening in North County Dublin. (2)
30.Where is bloodstock farming common? Why? (2)
31. Name one mine in the GDA. What do they mine? (2)
32. Where is forestry most common in the GDA. Why? (2)
TOTAL 57
2. Name a physical region you've studied.
3.What is a cultural region? Give an example. (2)
4.The Sambre Meuse Valley is a example of what type of region?
5. Name 2types of socioeconomic regions. (2)
6.What counties make up the GDA? (4)
7.What counties make up the WOI? (3)
8.What is the population density of Dublin?
9.What is the average population density of the WOI?
10. What is the average precipitation in both regions? (2)
11. Name one river and one mountain range in both regions. (4)
12. What is leaching? (3)
13. What is the parent rock in both regions? (2)
14. How does this effect soil? (2)
15. What type of bog is found in both regions? (2)
16. What depth are these bogs? (2)
17. What percentage of farms in the WOI are less than 10 acres?
18.Why is tillage and dairy farming limited in the WOI?
19.What percentage of the national barley crop is produced in the West?
20.Where are young cattle sent to for fattening?
21.What is the CAP?
22.What does REPS stand for?
23. How far does the continental shelf extend off the coast of Mayo and Galway?
24.What is the name given to the farming of oysters and mussels etc?
25.Which harbour processes large quantities of fish in the WOI?
26. What is the name of the gas field off the coast of Mayo? Give 2 facts about it. (3)
27.How many farms are there in the whole of Ireland vs. the GDA? (2)
28.Name a crop grown in the GDA and what % of the national it is. (2)
29.Name 2 factors that have led to the development of market gardening in North County Dublin. (2)
30.Where is bloodstock farming common? Why? (2)
31. Name one mine in the GDA. What do they mine? (2)
32. Where is forestry most common in the GDA. Why? (2)
TOTAL 57
Quiz 2 Secondary Economic Activities WOI & GDA
1. What counties make up the GDA?
2. Give an example of a region of industrial decline.
3. What motorway links the GDA with the rest of the country?
4. Which motorways would you use to get from Dublin airport to Galway city.
5. What issues does the WOI have in relation to markets? (2)
6. What percentage of people in the GDA are under the age of 25?
7. What is the pop density of the WOI? How does this effect industry? (3)
8. What's the population of Galway city?
9. What percentage of students in Dublin go on to third level education?
10. Why is 3rd level education attractive to MNCs? (2)
11. What is the corporation tax of Ireland?
12. Give 2 facts about the world's top ICT companies and the GDA. (2)
13. Who designated the WOI as "category one"? What does this mean? (2)
14. How has the NDP and the NSS impacted the WOI? (2)
15. What does the NDP and NSS stand for? (2)
16. What is the IDA? What do they do? (2)
17. How does údaras na Gaeltachta promote employment in the WOI?
18. What major change in location has occurred in industry in the GDA in the last 100yrs. Give examples. (3)
19. What government policy has caused an over-reliance on traditional industry in WOI?
20. Name 2 industrial estates in the GDA. (2)
21. Why are industrial estates popular with start up businesses? (2)
22. What is Boston Scientific? (2)
23. Why did it choose Galway as its location? (2)
24. Give 3 facts about Intel. (3)
25. The industrial wages of the WOI are what % lower that the GDA?
26. Give examples of one food processing, one printing and one brewing industry in the GDA. (3)
27. The NEP or North European Plain is an example of what kind of region?
TOTAL 46
2. Give an example of a region of industrial decline.
3. What motorway links the GDA with the rest of the country?
4. Which motorways would you use to get from Dublin airport to Galway city.
5. What issues does the WOI have in relation to markets? (2)
6. What percentage of people in the GDA are under the age of 25?
7. What is the pop density of the WOI? How does this effect industry? (3)
8. What's the population of Galway city?
9. What percentage of students in Dublin go on to third level education?
10. Why is 3rd level education attractive to MNCs? (2)
11. What is the corporation tax of Ireland?
12. Give 2 facts about the world's top ICT companies and the GDA. (2)
13. Who designated the WOI as "category one"? What does this mean? (2)
14. How has the NDP and the NSS impacted the WOI? (2)
15. What does the NDP and NSS stand for? (2)
16. What is the IDA? What do they do? (2)
17. How does údaras na Gaeltachta promote employment in the WOI?
18. What major change in location has occurred in industry in the GDA in the last 100yrs. Give examples. (3)
19. What government policy has caused an over-reliance on traditional industry in WOI?
20. Name 2 industrial estates in the GDA. (2)
21. Why are industrial estates popular with start up businesses? (2)
22. What is Boston Scientific? (2)
23. Why did it choose Galway as its location? (2)
24. Give 3 facts about Intel. (3)
25. The industrial wages of the WOI are what % lower that the GDA?
26. Give examples of one food processing, one printing and one brewing industry in the GDA. (3)
27. The NEP or North European Plain is an example of what kind of region?
TOTAL 46
Quiz 3 Tertiary Economic Activities WOI & GDA
- What % of GDA employees work in the tertiary sector?
- Name 3 hospitals in the GDA. (3)
- How many people are employed in Trinity College?
- What % of students in Dublin go on to 3rd level?
- What problem do hospitals in the WOI face?
- Name the only major university in the WOI. How many students attend this university? (2)
- How does limited education opportunities effect the WOI?
- How many tourists visit the GDA annually?
- What does this generate in income for the region?
- What is the main difference in employment from tourism in the 2 regions?
- Give one example of a tourist destination in each region under the following headings:
12. Name each of the motorways that connect to the M50 and state where they go to. (6)
13. What does QBC mean?
14. What was the "West-on-track" campaign? (2)
15. How has the Celtic tiger reduced the the average speed in Dublin city? (2)
16. What does the IFSC stand for?
17. How was it an "Urban Renewal Project"? (2)
18. How many people were employed there by 2006?
19. How much revenue is generated from the IFSC? (2)
20. Give 3 reasons why it is an attractive location for multinational companies.
21. What is the NDP?
22. How much is the estimated cost of "Transport 21"?
23. What is decentralization. Give one example. (2)
TOTAL: 47